Internationally known and one of the most influential philosophers of his day (and for a time almost a cult figure in France, where his lectures drew huge crowds), Henri Bergson (1859-41) led a revolu

Internationally known and one of the most influential philosophers of his day (and for a time almost a cult figure in France, where his lectures drew huge crowds), Henri Bergson (1859-41) led a revolu

The physiologist Benjamin Libet famously demonstrated that activity in the brain's motor regions can be detected some 300 milliseconds before a person feels that he has decided to move. Another lab recently used fMRI data to show that some "conscious" decisions can be predicted up to 10 seconds before they enter awareness (long before the preparatory motor activity detected by ...(展开全部)

The physiologist Benjamin Libet famously demonstrated that activity in the brain's motor regions can be detected some 300 milliseconds before a person feels that he has decided to move. Another lab recently used fMRI data to show that some "conscious" decisions can be predicted up to 10 seconds before they enter awareness (long before the preparatory motor activity detected by ...(展开全部)

Common sense tells us that we are morally responsible for our actions only if we have free will - and that we have free will only if we are able to choose among alternative actions. Common sense tells us that we do have free will and are morally responsible for many of the things we do. Common sense also tells us that we are objects in the natural world, governed by its laws. ...(展开全部)

Common sense tells us that we are morally responsible for our actions only if we have free will - and that we have free will only if we are able to choose among alternative actions. Common sense tells us that we do have free will and are morally responsible for many of the things we do. Common sense also tells us that we are objects in the natural world, governed by its laws. ...(展开全部)

Bergson argues for free will by showing that the arguments against it come from a confusion of different conceptions of time. As opposed to physicists' idea of measurable time, life is perceived in human experience as a continuous and immeasurable flow rather than as a succession of marked-off states of consciousness.

德克•佩里布姆（1957— ） 康奈尔大学哲学与伦理学专业的“苏珊•林恩•塞奇”坐席教授，研究领域包括自由意志和道德责任、精神哲学、宗教哲学，以及伊曼纽尔•康德的作品。在线版《斯坦福大学哲学百科全书》中“行动理论”部分的合编者，并为该百科全书撰写词条。著作包括《没有自由意志的生活》（2001）、《意识与物理主义的前景》（2011）、《自由意志、能动性与生命的意义》（2014）等。

德克•佩里布姆（1957— ） 康奈尔大学哲学与伦理学专业的“苏珊•林恩•塞奇”坐席教授，研究领域包括自由意志和道德责任、精神哲学、宗教哲学，以及伊曼纽尔•康德的作品。在线版《斯坦福大学哲学百科全书》中“行动理论”部分的合编者，并为该百科全书撰写词条。著作包括《没有自由意志的生活》（2001）、《意识与物理主义的前景》（2011）、《自由意志、能动性与生命的意义》（2014）等。

Most people assume that, even though some degenerative or criminal behavior may be caused by influences beyond our control, ordinary human actions are not similarly generated, but rather are freely chosen, and we can be praiseworthy or blameworthy for them. A less popular and more radical claim is that factors beyond our control produce all of the actions we perform. It is this...(展开全部)